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BGP Adjacency States Idle State Connect State Active State OpenSent State OpenConfirm State Established State 1. Idle State: Idle is the initial state of a BGP connection....

VPN technology allows businesses to use their existing Internet connections to connect to other offices (site-to-site VPNs) or allow telecommuting or mobile users to connect into the...

OSPF Hello/dead time 10/40, 30/1 20 Cisco or IETF I ETF Updates Multicast (224.0.0.5, 224.0.0.6) Load balancing Equal paths Routed protocols IP   OSPF Hello/dead time 10/40,...

   RIP and RIPv2 Comparison RIPv1 RIPv2 Classfu l/classless Classful Both Algorithm Bellman-Ford Bellman-Ford Metric Hops Hops Maximum hop count 15 15 Infinite metric 16 16 Hello/dead...

Packets originating from a nonrouting device destined for another network are sent to their default gateway (Layer 3 device on segment). The router consults its routing table...

VLANs logically divide a switch into multiple broadcast domains at Layer 2. Each VLAN can represent a logical grouping of users by function or department. As users...

STP is enabled by default for all VLANs in a switch. To change the priority to a lower value for root switch elections, use one of the...

Proprietary Cisco Layer 2 protocol that uses multicast to gather hardware and protocol information about directly connected devices. Network layer protocol and media independent. Enabled by default...

Global Configuration Commands Command                                          Description config-registerregister   ...